Nutrients that pregnant women should watch out for

Nutrients that pregnant women should watch out for:

     Cigarette.
     Smoking is clearly bad for the mother and fetus. Effects of smoking, pregnancy complications such as ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, birth defects and premature birth to the placenta may occur. Infants whose mothers smokers have 2 times more likely to die suddenly due to SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) than babies of non-smokers. The sooner the better stop smoking.
     Alcohol.
     Women who consume alcohol during pregnancy excessive risk of fetal alcohol syndrome.
     Caffeine.
     Limiting your intake of caffeine. Do not drink more than 2 cups of coffee, three cups of tea or two glasses of soft drinks per day. Excessive caffeine intake is associated with miscarriage and low birth weight.
     Raw food.
     Avoid raw foods, foods that are not cooked until done as sashimi, soft-boiled eggs are also well done steak is not because there is a risk that the food has been contaminated.
     Herbal supplements.
     When pregnant, should avoid herbal supplements because most have not been tested for pregnancy. Especially avoid too much intake of ginseng because it is a source of steroids.
     Fish.
     Deep-sea fish such as king mackerel may contain high levels of mercury which is harmful to the baby's brain development. Limit your intake of heart anyway, the food was very rich in vitamin A. Too much vitamin A can be toxic to the fetus.
     Nuts.
     For women who suffer from allergies, eczema or asthma, avoid peanuts during pregnancy may reduce the risk of babies to suffer a serious peanut allergy in childhood.

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although it can still sleep soundly Pregnant

Greater pregnancy, typically accompanied by sleeplessness complaints and often awake in the middle of the night. And pregnant women need adequate rest periods along with increased metabolism in the pregnant woman's body to restore all functions of organ systems work.

Generally, pregnant women who get less sleep are more likely to experience difficulties during childbirth. To overcome sleep disorders are best sought and addressed the cause.

The cause of this sleep disorder can vary, such as:

Load Mind

Anxiety and worry facing childbirth, anxiety about the health of the fetus, fear not look sexy again in the eyes of a partner, or concerns can not be slimmer body shape back, is partially distracting thoughts. The result could be restless all night. Solution:

•     Read books, and consult a physician about pregnancy issues, to ensure that the conditions were fine and not to worry too much.
•     If worried about the pain during childbirth, not to worry because it has a lot to do childbirth without pain (Intra Labour Analgesia). If worried about fetal abnormalities can perform ultrasound for screening.
•     Busy yourself with an activity before bed to get rid of the thoughts that interfere with sleep. This can be discussed with friends or pairs or to consult with a therapist.

Breathing Disorders

Increased blood flow during pregnancy cause a lot of parts of the body including the respiratory tract swells. That is why 30% of pregnant women tend to snore during sleep, although previously not a snorer. Solution:

1.     Inhaling the warm steam from the hot water. Lie on your back with your head higher than the stomach.
2.     Using breathing reliever medication (inhalers) or nose drops that your doctor recommended.

Heat

Progesterone levels cause the body to heat climbed. That is why pregnant women often feel too hot. Solution:

•     Wearing clothing that absorbs sweat sleep, eg cotton.
•     Use a thin blanket of material. Do not sleep surrounded by pillows and bolsters, as it will add a sense of overheating. If you need to use special air cushion (Chillow).
•     Set the air circulation in the room, so comfortable for example by opening a window, fan or air conditioning.

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This is the hormonal changes of pregnancy

Changes experienced during pregnancy, one of which is the change in hormones. Hormones have an effect peculiar to stimulate and invigorate the body organs work.

Some expenditure is controlled by hormones pitutari gland located at the base of the brain:

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Progesterone

This hormone works to build the uterine lining to hold the placenta, preventing the contraction / shrinkage of uterine muscles so as to avoid premature birth, and breast preparing for breastfeeding.

On the other hand, progesterone will make blood vessels dilate. As a result, the blood pressure to go down, and the mother will feel dizzy. Sometimes cause disturbed digestive system, such as abdominal bloating or constipation, affect mood during pregnancy, as well as increase the body temperature and cause nausea.

Estrogen

These hormones make breasts enlarged nipples and milk stimulate growth, help reinforce the walls of the uterus to cope during labor contractions. Estrogen also will soften the tissues of the body, so that the connective tissue and joints of the body becomes weak. As a result, pregnant women often experience back pain.

HCG

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin is a typical pregnancy hormone, because it is only found in the blood of pregnant women and con. This hormone is formed by the outer tissue layer of the fetus and placenta are formed early in fetal growth (trophoblast). Functions include maintaining yellow tissue formed in the ovaries when the ovaries release eggs recently (corpus luteum), which makes estrogen, progesterone and placental form completely.

Prolactin

This hormone is responsible for the increase in milk-producing cells in the breast. The hormone estrogen after birth will go down, these hormones can inhibit milk production, thus prolactin stimulates milk production.

Oxytocin

This hormone is involved in the process of reproduction in men and women, helping contractions during pregnancy and childbirth, milk production during lactation, the breast feeding activity can accelerate the depreciation of the uterus.

Relaxin

This hormone appears in early pregnancy and the responsibility to help overcome uterine activity and soften the cervix in preparation for childbirth.

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Pregnant Habit

Ideal weight gain during pregnancy is about 8-12 pounds. Fetal weight tends to run more rapidly in the last trimester of pregnancy, as well as maternal weight. In the first trimester, most weight gain occurs due to water retention, not from embryos. Sometimes even in the first trimester, due to a condition called hyperemesis gravidarum, most pregnant women experience weight loss. Caloric intake must be increased by 20%, usually in the third trimester. Eating healthy foods such as rice and wheat groups, vegetables, fish, poultry and meats, and foods rich in calcium. It is advisable not to consume too many greasy foods like fried foods and sweets.
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Most women tend to feel hungry and yet queasy at the sight of food. Overcome by eating small portions but often around 5-6 times per day. This way will not feel overly full stomach. These feelings can sometimes be up to the third trimester, especially as the uterus grows. Drink around 8-10 glasses of water per day. It is recommended to avoid too many drinks with sweeteners.

Exercise during pregnancy can start slowly. It's best to start in the third trimester. Type of exercise is a relaxing like yoga or swimming.

Sleep with enough 8 hours per day. Sleep can be a problem during pregnancy. Most pregnant women experience difficulty sleeping at night. To counterbalance this, can nap if possible.

Pregnancy does not mean having to avoid all kinds of drugs. Medicines for fever and runny nose chorrpheniramine to be safe to drink while pregnant. It would be bad for the fetus if allowed prolonged fever than taking down the heat.

For headaches and fatigue during pregnancy treated with rest and ice packs. If it still has not lost her pain, paracetamol is safe for consumption. As much as possible avoid painkillers than other types. And should consult their physician on the use of drugs.

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Rooming-in at the Maternity Hospital

Rooming-in care is possible for a normal birth, babies and even premature babies born by Caesarean section though.

With a system of kangaroo care treatments can bring the baby to her mother. Care to put the baby under her mother, so stick to rub the baby's mother's skin. The touch of the mother's body heat will warm the baby. This will make the baby more quickly survive.

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Rooming-in will help facilitate breastfeeding. Because the nursing mother's body was hormone oxytocin. This hormone is very influential on the mother's emotional state. If the mother calm and happy to be able to embrace her baby, then this hormone will rise too fast and the milk out. So that breast-fed babies are more satisfied.

Another benefit of rooming-in care for the baby would be quicker to adjust to going to bed and waking up with the mother. In addition, if the baby cried immediately cuddled mother so the baby will settle down to listen to the mother's heartbeat.

To Mom, rooming-in care will minimize the risk of postpartum depression, as women feel attraction towards her baby and make her affection.

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Pregnancy Symptoms and Signs an Uncertain

Symptoms of pregnancy is uncertain:

    Amenorrhea (no menstruation)
    Important note gets the date of the first day of last period to determine the gestational age and estimated parturition. The formula estimates according to Naegele parturition when the menstrual cycle is about 28 days while the dates add up 7 months minus 3.

•     Nausea (feeling sick) with or without vomituus (vomiting)
•     Often occurred early morning in the first months of pregnancy, morning sickness is called.
•     Cravings (wanting certain foods or beverages)
•     Constipation / obstipasi
•     This is due to the decrease in intestinal peristalsis by steroid hormones.
•     Frequent urination
•     Occurs because the bladder in the first months of pregnancy were depressed by the uterus begins to enlarge. These symptoms will diminish slowly and then rise again in late pregnancy.
•     Fainting and fatigue
•     Fainting is common when you are in a crowded place in the first months of pregnancy and disappears after 18 weeks of pregnancy.
•     Anorexia (no appetite).

Signs of pregnancy is uncertain:

    Skin Pigmentation

•     Occurred about the 12th week or more in the cheek, nose and forehead due to placental hormones that stimulate melanofor and skin. This is known as chloasma gravidarum.
•     Leukore cervical discharge is increased due to the increased influence of the hormone progesterone.
•     Epulis (gingival papillae hypertrophy) often occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy.
•     Breast changes and enlarged breasts become tense because of the influence of estrogen and
•     duktuli and progesterone stimulate breast alveoli. Areola area blackened by excessive pigment deposits. There colostrum at 12 weeks gestation.
•     Enlarged abdomen was clear after 14 weeks of pregnancy.
•     Basal temperature rose steadily from 37.2 to 37.8 degrees Celsius
•     Changes in the pelvic organs:
•     Mark Chadwick: livid vagina, pregnancy occurs in approximately 6 weeks. Hegar sign: lower uterine segment flabby on palpation. Signs Piscaseck: uterus enlarged to one of the majors. Signs Braxton-Hicks: uterus to contract when stimulated. Is a typical sign of the uterus during pregnancy.
•     Test pregnancy

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Definitely Pregnancy Test and Signs

Pregnancy tests:

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•      Pregnancy tests are widely used hormone chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine.
•      Is essentially a reaction to the antigen-antiboddi hCG as an antigen.
•      How widely used is hemaaglutinasi.
•      The lowest levels that can be detected is 50 iu / L.
•      HCG can be found on the first day of menstruation did not come.
•      The test is known among other Test Pack Plus hCG-Urine, Sure Step / Sure Strip, Evatest, Event tests, RST-hCG, Beta Gravindex, etc..
•      False-positive results can be obtained in malignant trophoblastic disease.
•      First, a reaction which is used well as between different reaction Galli-Mainini, Friedman and Ascheim-Zondek.

Definite signs of pregnancy:

1.      Feels balotemen sertta fetal parts and fetal motion on palpation.
2.      Fetal heart sound (BJJ) on auscultation.
3.      BJJ can be heard when using a stethoscope from Laennec at 18-20 weeks gestation, while Doppler started 12 weeks.
4.      Visible picture of the fetus using ultrasonography (USG) or scanning.
5.      Looks fetal skeleton on x-ray examination Now it is not used because it is known of the impact of radiation on the fetus.

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Drug Effect On Fetus

Bad influence of foreign substances (including medications), the fetus in the womb, can occur through direct or indirect via interference with the function of the placenta, uterine or systemic changes as the balance of hormones and biochemical mother.

It depends on the nature of each foreign compounds and gestational age mother. Ill effects on the fetus in the womb can be fetal effects, teratogenic and toxic. Effect of lethal namely the death of the embryo in the womb. Teratogenic influences occur at sub-lethal doses of the occurrence of anatomic malformation on fetal organ growth. The effect is the occurrence of abnormal toxic or physiological or biochemical disturbances in varying degrees in the fetus without anatomic malformations.

The occurrence of adverse effects of foreign compounds, including drugs to the fetus in the womb is very dependent on gestational age or fetal growth phase itself. Contagion occurs can vary according to each phase.

Phase implantation

At the gestational age of less than 3 weeks. The ill effects that may arise adopt a pattern of "all or none", the happening or not happening at all. If the contagion arises will result in death resulting embryo abortion.

Phase embryonal / organogenesis

At gestational age between 3 -8 weeks. In this phase occurs differentiation growth for the formation of organs, so it is the most sensitive phase.

Bad influences that can arise at this stage there are several possibilities:

1.     Effect of lethal, the occurrence of fetal death and abortion.
2.     Effect of sublethal, but it did not happen fetal death occurred malformations anatomic (structural) organ growth or teratogenic effects. Teratogenic word itself comes from the Greek meaning monster.
3.     Functional or metabolic disorders which appear later in the new permanent, not directly visible or raised at the time of birth.

Phase lethal

In the second and third trimester of pregnancy at which this phase occurs further maturation and growth of the fetus. Bad effect of foreign compounds on the fetus at this stage not be more anatomic malformations. But one may still be an interruption to the growth of both physiological functions or organs biokemik. Also the influence of foreign compounds that may occur in the parent, it can also occur in the fetus in different degrees.

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Tips on Overcoming Vomiting in Early Pregnancy

Vomiting in early pregnancy is often experienced by most pregnant women. Do not worry, because this sort of thing normal pregnant women experienced in the early trimester of pregnancy.

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Some tips that can help you to treat nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy:

•      Eat small amounts but often. Eat a portion of a lot will make you grow sick.
•      Consumption of foods that contain lots of carbohydrates (bread, potatoes, biscuits) and protein. In addition, consumption of vegetables and fruits.
•      Do not rush to get up when I wake up. Sit first, then slowly get up. If you often feel nauseated  when you wake up in the morning, prepare snacks near your bed. Eat before you try to stand.
•      Avoid fatty foods, oily and spicy that it will increase your nausea.
•      Consumption of enough water, avoid drinks that contain caffeine and carbonates.
•      Consumption of vitamin B6 reduces effective for nausea in pregnant women. However, you should first consult your doctor to use.
•      With traditional medicine. How: consume ginger ale or ginger candy.
•      Plenty of rest and relaxation. Stress will only aggravate your nausea.

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preeclampsia

  Preeclampsia is a collection of symptoms that occur during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period consisting of the triad: hypertension, proteinuri, and edema. In pre eclampsia there is spasm of blood vessels accompanied by salt and water retention. In renal biopsy found a great spasm of glomerular arterioles. In some cases, such a narrow lumen of arterioles that can only be traversed by a single red blood cell.

So if all experiencing spasm of the arterioles in the body, the blood pressure will go up in an effort to cope with the pressure that peripheral tissue oxygenation can be satisfied. While weight gain and edema caused by the accumulation of excess water in the interstitial space is not known why, probably due to retention of water and salt. Proteinuria can be caused by spasm of the arterioles resulting in a change in the glomerulus.
   
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Usually the signs of pre eclampsia occur in sequence: excessive weight gain, followed by edema, hypertension, and proteinuria eventually. In mild pre eclampsia found no subjective symptoms. In severe pre eclampsia found in the area prontal headache, diplopia, blurred vision, pain in the epigastric region, nausea or vomiting. These symptoms are often found in pre-eclampsia increased and is an indication that eclampsia will occur.

Regular antenatal examinations and qualified and conscientious about early signs (mild pre-eclampsia), and given adequate treatment so that the disease does not become more severe. Should always be alert to the possibility of pre-eclampsia. Provide information on the benefits of rest and sleep, tranquility, and the importance of regulating diet low in salt, fat, and carbohydrates and high in protein, also keep excessive weight gain.

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Positive Room In

Room in is a term for mothers who completed the delivery room with the baby. What are the benefits for the baby?

     Most babies being placed with a rare crying babies separated with his mother.
     A crying baby in the baby room is usually soothed by music, while the infant was a single room with his mother would feel comfortable hearing his mother's voice. Babies can be soothed by way hug to calm after hearing the mother's heartbeat.
     Generally faster adjusting bedtime and wake up with the mother.
     Breastfed babies faster.

Advantages for both mother and baby share a room:

     Feel calm because it is close to the baby.
     Complaints difficulty breastfeeding less.
     Decreased risk of depression after childbirth.

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Gymnastics childbirth

Gymnastics childbirth is rarely done by mothers who have childbirth. There are at least three reasons why people do not do it. First, because they do not know how to exercise postpartum. Both because it was so happy and thought only child. Third, let alone to gymnastics, only to wake up sore.

Actually, it's easy to do postpartum gymnastics. Postpartum mothers do not have to perform a variety of movements. Most just sit and cross-legged. In fact, when you still feel pain, even while sleeping postnatal exercises can be done. Easy is not it, because it can be done without getting up.

But before doing gymnastics childbirth, first consider your labor. If the normal birth process, the first day can do postpartum gymnastics. Of course if you already feel strong doing it. If not, you may delay 2-3 days later. When you feel strong enough, you can start doing it.

The condition is different from the process of labor through the process of surgery. If you do the delivery by cesarean, it can not directly do gymnastics childbirth as normal birth process. You have to wait until strong enough and no more pain when moving. Ask your doctor when it started to do gymnastics childbirth.

Puerperal gymnastics movements are very simple and easy, much easier than pregnancy exercise. First do breathing exercises. The trick is to draw a deep breath, hold it for a while and then blow back slowly. If you've never done yoga, the first movement is certainly very easy to do. If possible do with cross-legged. But if it still hurt you can do with a lie. The first movement is beneficial for restoring the middle of the abdomen that was stretched during pregnancy.

The second movement is a supine position. After that, bend your knees inward and then drive around the ankle. Movement when the position is still the same as the second movement. Legs bent, then straightened out only a little and not too straight, because they can feel pain and then bent again. Do the left and right legs alternately repeated. Do the best you can and do not be forced.

The three movements of the above is a simple basic movements from gymnastics childbirth. Although it looks simple and trivial, if done regularly will help the recovery process faster. These movements will make your body feel more refreshed.

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Work Produces Breast milk

Mother's Milk (ASI) is produced from a collaboration between hormonal and neural factors. This alone is quite magical. Come browse from scratch. Start of hormones estrogren. The hormone estrogen is a sex hormone produced by the uterus to stimulate growth of sex organs, such as breasts and pubic hair, regulate the menstrual cycle. The hormone estrogen also plays a role maintaining the texture and function of the breast. In pregnant women, the hormone estrogen makes the nipple enlarges and stimulates the growth of breast glands. In addition, the hormone estrogen to strengthen the walls of the uterus during contractions before delivery.
   
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Breast itself consists of a collection of glands and fatty tissue that lies between the skin and breast bone. The glands in the breast will produce milk after a woman gave birth. Mammary glands called lobules form a milk-producing lobes or sacs. There are 15 to 20 milk producing pockets on each breast, connected with the collected milk ducts in the nipple. The inside of the breast is composed of fatty tissue and fibrous connective tissue, breast binding and affects the shape and size of the breast. There are also blood vessels and lymph nodes.

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The milk was produced during pregnancy because there are factors that suppress the release of the hormone prolactin. One of them thanks to the hormone estrogen. You can imagine if the milk has been produced since the beginning of pregnancy while no one smoked, the mothers should dispose of milk every day. Redundant is not it? God does not want to give the waste it with the magic he gives the milk production process so that the mammary gland is not producing milk during pregnancy.

In a woman who is pregnant will breast gland by the growing influence of the hormone estrogen, somatomamotropin, and prolactin. The process begins in the first trimester of pregnancy. The hormone estrogen serves to make hypertrophy duct system (channel). While progesterone serves to add acini cells in the breast. Somatomamotropin serves to acini growth and changes in the cell, the formation of casein, lactalbumin, and laktoglobulin. During the pregnancy, the milk does not come out because of the hormone prolactin, which stimulates milk expenditure by Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone inhibited (PIH).

At the end of your pregnancy your breasts will produce colostrum milk even though the amount of water that can be produced not much. Such a condition is caused by the action of the hormone progesterone. At birth, when the placenta out of the body, directly progesterone levels drop drastically, whereas prolactin levels remain high. Such circumstances make milk production increased. Production process to meet the breast milk is one to three days. Therefore, do not worry if the milk has not come out or coming out just a little in the first days. At this time the exit is colostrum.

Colostrum is the first fluid is produced when breast milk production begins. The liquid form of watery colostrum, sweet, and easy to digest. Originally colostrum-shaped thick and yellow. The closer to the birth, colostrum melted and pale.

At the time of Mother's Milk (ASI) has been produced, the role of the hormone oxytocin is needed. It ensures the contraction of the muscles around the milk ducts, move milk from the mammary glands to the nipple so it is easily reached by the infant at the breast. Hmm ... interesting is not it? The process of breastfeeding. So, do not forget, "Say YES to breastmilk"

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