In children with autism, underwent a standard psychological test procedures are usually carried out psychological counseling agencies are generally hard to do. Children with autism is difficult to concentrate, understand the test instructions, use time efficiently and behaves test 'pass' at the time of the execution of tests. Though some schools often require kasil Psychotest children, or parents may want to know who owned his intelligence capacity. To find out the problem, we will discuss further about the topic.
In general, intelligence is defined as: a person's capacity to act in a planned, rational thinking and dealing effectively with the environment.
Intelligence was measured with a psychological tool of the unit with the end result is popularly called IQ (Intelligence Quotient). IQ composition consists of several aspects that are grouped into two major categories, namely:
Verbal IQ
Non Verbal IQ
Comprehensive tests that measure the IQ of children and is commonly used in Indonesia are:
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for childern (WISC) or
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence (WPPSI)
For children with autism generally have problems in language development, it is definitely the result of low verbal IQ. It is not fair to them early and then sentenced to mental retardation / Mentally reterded.
Other constraints, psychological demands on children generally work on the problems within a limited time (time limit). And as we all know, children with autism is very difficult to concentrate, so it needs more time to direct his attention.
So if the intelligence of children with autism were measured using this test, the results are certainly not reflect the true potential of children. Then how to solve? Choose tests that measure aspects of intelligence in isolation, where one of the appropriate test is the measurement of non-verbal intelligence.
Understanding Non-Verbal Intelligence: In accordance with the word 'non verbal' means not influenced by 'language'
The definition of non-verbal intelligence is as follows:
Capabilities that are not related to language, which increases a person's capacity to function in a planned, effective and rational.
Individuals with high-Non Verbal Intelligence is usually successful in mathematics, geometry, engineering, mechanics, art and music.
Non-verbal intelligence is divided into two strata capabilities, namely:
LOW ORDER SKILLS
Skills associated with the process of interpreting, organizing and manipulating the characteristics of non-symbolic and concrete of the stimulus (such as size, color, shape, texture).
HIGH ORDER SKILLS
Is more problem-solving, reasoning, abstract.
To measure non-verbal intelligence used special non-verbal psychological test. To minimize the role of language, the test is designed so that the matter be made without the use of 'word', but rather in the form of 'visual presentation / image'. Test instructions and the required response is also non-verbal (gestures, manipulation of objects, drawing, pointing the answer).
Capabilities that can be measured with Non Verbal Intelligence Test, among others:
Discrimination
Measured by asking the children set of images / words are different, for example where different elephants - horses - monkey - a truck.
Generalization
Find words that have similarities in certain things with the stimulus, for example: Which is similar to the tree: the car - man - goes.
Motor behavior
Related to the movement, both fine motor or gross motor skills, such as block manipulation, copy design.
Thinking induction
Find the rules / patterns on the stimulus, such as why certain objects can be drawn magnet?
Comprehension
Involves understanding the general rules.
Sequencing
The ability to see a progressive relationship of a series of stimulus.
Detail recognition
The ability to see details of the stimulus, usually with a view or create images.
Analogy
Relating to discrimination, generalization, general knowledge and vocabulary.
Abstract Reasoning
Ability to solve problems that require the ability of induction and abstraction.
Memory
Ability to recall / memory.
Completing Pattern
Identify the missing parts of pictures, patterns, matrix.
General Information
Basic ability to answer factual questions.
Vocabulary
The meaning of the word.
CTONI (Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence)
This test consists of 6 subtests of different but interrelated capabilities in measuring non-verbal intelligence. This test empirically tested the reliability and validity (which used 2901 samples of the 30 states) and is designed for children aged 6 years to adulthood.
CTONI is non-verbal test that measures the High Order Cognitive Ability:
Problem solving
Reasoning
Abstract thinking
Ability were measured:
Logical reasoning
Classification categories and
Panalaran sequence
As a matter of presentation:
Pictures of familiar objects in everyday life
Geometric design drawings
The end result of this test in the form of index
Non-verbal intelligence (overall)
Non-verbal intelligence picture
Geometric non-verbal intelligence
The end result of NIQ classified as follows:
131-165 Very superior
121-130 Superior
111-120 Above average
90-110 Average
80-89 Below average
70-79 Low
35-69 Very low
NIQ height means the individual has a good ability in:
View perceptual relationships, logical and abstract
Reasoning without the words
Solve mental puzzles that involve progressive elements
Form a significant association between objects and between geometric design.
Lower mean NIQ difficulties in:
Handle non-verbal information
Receive visual data
Organizing materials involving space / spatial.
Understanding the abstract aspects of visual symbols.
PNIQ (Pictorial NIQ) is the index of problem-solving and reasoning in which the images of objects are known to be used in the tests. Because these images have naka, then chances are people will use these words (speaking / thinking in the form of words) when carrying out tests. So there is the influence of individual verbal skills.
GNIQ (Geometric NIQ) is the index of problem-solving and reasoning in which the designs are not known to be used in the tests. Because it is a purely non-verbal ability. In general PNIQ and GNIQ at the same level, probably caused by aspects of language ability (PNIQ> GNIQ).
Cover:
CTONI can be an alternative for parents to evaluate the intelligence of children.
As a non-verbal test kits CTONI advantages are:
Non Language Test: to be more universal, eliminated the role of language to a minimum.
Measuring High Order Skills: reasoning ability over Ultra.
Work Limit: not a time limit, so the speed does not affect the outcome of child labor.
In general, intelligence is defined as: a person's capacity to act in a planned, rational thinking and dealing effectively with the environment.
Intelligence was measured with a psychological tool of the unit with the end result is popularly called IQ (Intelligence Quotient). IQ composition consists of several aspects that are grouped into two major categories, namely:
Verbal IQ
Non Verbal IQ
Comprehensive tests that measure the IQ of children and is commonly used in Indonesia are:
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for childern (WISC) or
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence (WPPSI)
For children with autism generally have problems in language development, it is definitely the result of low verbal IQ. It is not fair to them early and then sentenced to mental retardation / Mentally reterded.
Other constraints, psychological demands on children generally work on the problems within a limited time (time limit). And as we all know, children with autism is very difficult to concentrate, so it needs more time to direct his attention.
So if the intelligence of children with autism were measured using this test, the results are certainly not reflect the true potential of children. Then how to solve? Choose tests that measure aspects of intelligence in isolation, where one of the appropriate test is the measurement of non-verbal intelligence.
Understanding Non-Verbal Intelligence: In accordance with the word 'non verbal' means not influenced by 'language'
The definition of non-verbal intelligence is as follows:
Capabilities that are not related to language, which increases a person's capacity to function in a planned, effective and rational.
Individuals with high-Non Verbal Intelligence is usually successful in mathematics, geometry, engineering, mechanics, art and music.
Non-verbal intelligence is divided into two strata capabilities, namely:
LOW ORDER SKILLS
Skills associated with the process of interpreting, organizing and manipulating the characteristics of non-symbolic and concrete of the stimulus (such as size, color, shape, texture).
HIGH ORDER SKILLS
Is more problem-solving, reasoning, abstract.
To measure non-verbal intelligence used special non-verbal psychological test. To minimize the role of language, the test is designed so that the matter be made without the use of 'word', but rather in the form of 'visual presentation / image'. Test instructions and the required response is also non-verbal (gestures, manipulation of objects, drawing, pointing the answer).
Capabilities that can be measured with Non Verbal Intelligence Test, among others:
Discrimination
Measured by asking the children set of images / words are different, for example where different elephants - horses - monkey - a truck.
Generalization
Find words that have similarities in certain things with the stimulus, for example: Which is similar to the tree: the car - man - goes.
Motor behavior
Related to the movement, both fine motor or gross motor skills, such as block manipulation, copy design.
Thinking induction
Find the rules / patterns on the stimulus, such as why certain objects can be drawn magnet?
Comprehension
Involves understanding the general rules.
Sequencing
The ability to see a progressive relationship of a series of stimulus.
Detail recognition
The ability to see details of the stimulus, usually with a view or create images.
Analogy
Relating to discrimination, generalization, general knowledge and vocabulary.
Abstract Reasoning
Ability to solve problems that require the ability of induction and abstraction.
Memory
Ability to recall / memory.
Completing Pattern
Identify the missing parts of pictures, patterns, matrix.
General Information
Basic ability to answer factual questions.
Vocabulary
The meaning of the word.
CTONI (Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence)
This test consists of 6 subtests of different but interrelated capabilities in measuring non-verbal intelligence. This test empirically tested the reliability and validity (which used 2901 samples of the 30 states) and is designed for children aged 6 years to adulthood.
CTONI is non-verbal test that measures the High Order Cognitive Ability:
Problem solving
Reasoning
Abstract thinking
Ability were measured:
Logical reasoning
Classification categories and
Panalaran sequence
As a matter of presentation:
Pictures of familiar objects in everyday life
Geometric design drawings
The end result of this test in the form of index
Non-verbal intelligence (overall)
Non-verbal intelligence picture
Geometric non-verbal intelligence
The end result of NIQ classified as follows:
131-165 Very superior
121-130 Superior
111-120 Above average
90-110 Average
80-89 Below average
70-79 Low
35-69 Very low
NIQ height means the individual has a good ability in:
View perceptual relationships, logical and abstract
Reasoning without the words
Solve mental puzzles that involve progressive elements
Form a significant association between objects and between geometric design.
Lower mean NIQ difficulties in:
Handle non-verbal information
Receive visual data
Organizing materials involving space / spatial.
Understanding the abstract aspects of visual symbols.
PNIQ (Pictorial NIQ) is the index of problem-solving and reasoning in which the images of objects are known to be used in the tests. Because these images have naka, then chances are people will use these words (speaking / thinking in the form of words) when carrying out tests. So there is the influence of individual verbal skills.
GNIQ (Geometric NIQ) is the index of problem-solving and reasoning in which the designs are not known to be used in the tests. Because it is a purely non-verbal ability. In general PNIQ and GNIQ at the same level, probably caused by aspects of language ability (PNIQ> GNIQ).
Cover:
CTONI can be an alternative for parents to evaluate the intelligence of children.
As a non-verbal test kits CTONI advantages are:
Non Language Test: to be more universal, eliminated the role of language to a minimum.
Measuring High Order Skills: reasoning ability over Ultra.
Work Limit: not a time limit, so the speed does not affect the outcome of child labor.
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